Manhattan, Kansas

City of Manhattan
—  City  —
Riley County Courthouse, Manhattan
Nickname(s): The Little Apple
Location within Kansas
Coordinates:
Country United States
State Kansas
Counties Riley, Pottawatomie
Settled 1855
Incorporated May 30, 1857
Government
 - Type Commission-Manager
 - Mayor Bruce Snead
 - Commissioner Bob Strawn
 - Commissioner Jim Sherow
 - Commissioner Loren Pepperd
 - Commissioner Jayme Morris-Hardeman
Area
 - City 15.0 sq mi (38.9 km2)
 - Land 15.0 sq mi (38.9 km2)
 - Water 0.0 sq mi (0.0 km2)
 - Metro 1,888 sq mi (4,889 km2)
Elevation 1,020 ft (311 m)
Population (2009)[1]
 - City 52,836
 - Density 3,477/sq mi (1,329/km2)
 - Metro 113,629
 - Metro density 60.18/sq mi (23.24/km2)
Time zone CST (UTC-6)
 - Summer (DST) CDT (UTC-5)
ZIP codes 66502–66503, 66505-66506
Area code(s) 785
FIPS code 20-44250[2]
GNIS feature ID 0476378[3]
Website www.ci.manhattan.ks.us

Manhattan is a city located in the northeastern part of the state of Kansas in the U.S., at the junction of the Kansas River and Big Blue River. It lies primarily in Riley County, of which it is the county seat,[4] but also extends into Pottawatomie County. As of the July 2009 census estimate, its population was 52,836, making it the eighth-largest city in Kansas.[1] It is the principal city of the Manhattan, Kansas Metropolitan Statistical Area – with an estimated population of 113,629, the Manhattan MSA is the fourth largest metropolitan area in the state.[5]

Nicknamed The Little Apple in 1977 as a play on New York City's "Big Apple", it is best known for being the home of Kansas State University and has a distinct college town feel. Eight miles (13 km) west of the city is Fort Riley, a United States Army post.

In 2007, CNN and Money magazine rated Manhattan as one of the ten best places in America to retire young.[6] The town was named an All-American City in 1952, becoming the first city in Kansas to win the award.

Contents

History

Polistra and Canton

The Kansas-Nebraska Act opened the territory to settlement in 1854. That fall, George S. Park founded the first Euro-American settlement within the borders of the current Manhattan. Park named it Polistra (some historians refer to it as Poliska or Poleska).[7]

Later that same year, Samuel D. Houston and four other pioneers founded a neighboring community near the mouth of the Big Blue River that they named Canton.[8] Neither Canton nor Polistra ever grew to include anyone beyond their original founders.

Free-Staters

In March 1855, a group of New England Free-Staters traveled to Kansas Territory under the auspices of the New England Emigrant Aid Company to found a Free-State town. Led by Isaac Goodnow, the first members of the group (with the help of Samuel C. Pomeroy) selected the location of the Polistra and Canton claims for the Aid Company's new settlement. Soon after the New Englanders arrived at the site, in April 1855, they agreed to join together with Canton and Polistra to make one settlement named Boston.[7] They were soon joined by dozens more New Englanders, including Goodnow's brother-in-law Joseph Denison.

Downtown Manhattan in 2005

In June 1855, the steamboat Hartford, carrying 75 settlers from Ohio, ran aground in the Kansas River near the settlement. The Ohio settlers, who were members of the Cincinnati-Manhattan Company, had been headed twenty miles further upstream to what today is Junction City, Kansas.[9] After realizing they were stranded, the Hartford passengers accepted an invitation to join the new town, but insisted that it be renamed Manhattan, which was done on June 29, 1855. Manhattan was incorporated on May 30, 1857.[7]

Early events

Early Manhattan settlers sometimes found themselves in conflict with Native Americans and the town itself was threatened by pro-slavery Southerners, but the proximity of Fort Riley protected the settlement from the major violence visited upon other Free-State towns during the "Bleeding Kansas" era.

The young city received an early boost when gold was discovered in the Rocky Mountains in 1859 and Fifty-Niners began to stream through Manhattan on their way to prospect in the mountains. Manhattan was one of the last significant settlements on the route west, and the village's merchants did a brisk business selling supplies to miners.

At the same time, Manhattan was fast becoming a center of education. In 1858, the Territorial Legislature chartered the private Methodist Blue Mont Central College in Manhattan. In 1861, when the State of Kansas entered the Union, Isaac Goodnow, who had been a teacher in Rhode Island, began lobbying the legislature to establish a university in Manhattan. As an inducement, the Manhattanites offered to the state the physical plant of Blue Mont Central College. The culmination of these efforts came on February 16, 1863, when the Kansas legislature established Kansas State Agricultural College (now Kansas State University) in Manhattan.

By the time the Kansas Pacific Railroad laid its tracks west through Manhattan in 1866, the 11-year-old settlement was permanently ensconced in the tallgrass prairie. Manhattan has increased in population every decade since its founding.

Geography

Konza Prairie

Manhattan is located at (39.190142, −96.586818),[10] or about 50 miles (80 km) west of Topeka on the Kansas River.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 15.0 square miles (38.9 km²), 0.07% of it water.

Geographic features

Manhattan is located in the Flint Hills region of Kansas, which consists of continuous rolling hills covered in tall grasses. However, the current downtown area – the original site of Manhattan – was built on a broad, flat floodplain at the junction of the Kansas and Big Blue rivers.

Tuttle Creek Reservoir is located 5 miles (8 km) north of Manhattan. The lake was formed when the Big Blue River was dammed for flood control in the 1960s, and it is now a state park that offers many recreational opportunities. South of the city is the Konza Prairie, a tallgrass prairie preserve jointly owned by The Nature Conservancy and Kansas State University.

Earthquakes

Kansas is not known for earthquake activity, but Manhattan is near the Nemaha Ridge, a long structure that is bounded by several faults, and which is still active.[11] In particular, the Humboldt Fault Zone lies just 12 miles (19 km) eastward of Tuttle Creek Reservoir.

On April 24, 1867, the 1867 Manhattan earthquake struck Riley County. Measuring 5.1 on the Richter scale, the earthquake's epicenter was by Manhattan. To this day, it remains the strongest earthquake to originate in Kansas. The earthquake had an intensity of VII on the Mercalli intensity scale, and was felt over an area of roughly 193,051 square miles (500,000 km2). It caused largely minor damage, reports of which were confined to Kansas, Iowa, and Missouri, according to the United States Geological Survey.

Despite the fact that Kansas is not seismically active, a strong earthquake could pose significant threats to the state. If an earthquake had occurred along the Nemaha Ridge prior to 2010, it could have destroyed the dam on Tuttle Creek Reservoir, releasing 300,000 feet (91,440 m) of water per second and flooding the nearby area, threatening roughly 13,000 people and 5,900 homes. A study in the 1980s found that a moderate earthquake "between 5.7 to 6.6 would cause sand underneath the dam to liquefy into quicksand, causing the dam to spread out and the top to drop up to three feet."[12] To address this threat, the Army Corps of Engineers completed a project in July 2010 that replaced the sand with more than 350 concrete walls and equipped the dam with sensors. Alarms are connected to these sensors, which would alert nearby citizens to the earthquake.[12]

Climate

Over the course of a year, temperatures range from an average low of almost 15 °F (−9 °C) in January to an average high of nearly 93 °F (34 °C) in July. The maximum temperature reaches 90 °F (32 °C) an average of 56 days per year and reaches 100 °F (38 °C) an average of 9 days per year. The minimum temperature falls below the freezing point (32°F) an average of 118 days per year. Typically the first fall freeze occurs between the last week of September and the end of October, and the last spring freeze occurs between the first week of April and early May.

The area receives nearly 35 inches (890 mm) of precipitation during an average year with the largest share being received in May and June—the April–June period averages 33 days of measurable precipitation. During a typical year the total amount of precipitation may be anywhere from 24 to 46 inches (1,200 mm). There are on average 97 days of measurable precipitation per year. Winter snowfall averages almost 16 inches, but the median is less than 10 inches (250 mm). Measurable snowfall occurs an average of 10 days per year with at least an inch of snow being received on six of those days. Snow depth of at least an inch occurs an average of 20 days per year.

Source: Monthly Station Climate Summaries, 1971–2000, U.S. National Climatic Data Center
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Temperatures (°F)
Mean high 39.5 46.8 57.5 67.9 77.5 87.1 92.5 90.8 82.1 70.7 54.5 42.9 67.5
Mean low 16.1 21.5 31.4 42.2 52.5 62.3 67.3 65.1 55.5 43.2 30.2 19.9 42.3
Highest recorded 74
(1939)		 84
(1972)		 95
(1907)		 99
(1910)		 103
(1934)		 112
(1911)		 115
(1936)		 116
(1936)		 112
(1947)		 98
(1947)		 87
(1909)		 77
(1939)		 116
(1936)
Lowest recorded −31
(1947)		 −26
(1905)		 −12
(1948)		 5
(1920)		 23
(1907)		 39
(1946)		 38
(1902)		 40
(1916)		 26
(1995)		 13
(1993)		 −9
(1952)		 −22
(1989)		 −31
(1947)
Precipitation (inches)
Median 0.79 0.92 2.11 2.22 4.53 4.62 3.20 2.93 3.28 2.38 1.51 0.85 34.34
Mean number of days 5.4 5.2 7.9 10.0 12.0 10.9 8.6 9.2 8.1 7.7 7.0 5.2 97.2
Highest monthly 3.16
(1979)		 2.48
(1997)		 7.40
(1973)		 9.52
(1999)		 14.73
(1995)		 11.55
(1977)		 17.56
(1993)		 7.25
(1977)		 9.89
(1973)		 6.49
(1973)		 5.79
(1998)		 3.40
(1973)
Snowfall (inches)
Median 3.7 3.2 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.7 9.5
Mean number of days 4.5 3.2 1.7 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 3.5 15.0
Highest monthly 16.2
(1985)		 18.5
(1978)		 9.0
(1998)		 4.8
(1975)		 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1
(1991)		 8.8
(1975)		 14.6
(1983)
Notes: Temperatures are in degrees Fahrenheit. Precipitation includes rain and melted snow or sleet in inches; median values are provided for precipitation and snowfall because mean averages may be misleading. Mean and median values are for the 30-year period 1971–2000; temperature extremes are for the station's period of record (1900–2001). The station is located in Manhattan at 39°13′N 96°36′W, elevation 1,065 feet (325 m).

Tornadoes

The 2008 tornado damaged an industrial area on the west side of Manhattan before hitting the KSU campus

The state of Kansas falls within an area sometimes called Tornado Alley. The most recent tornado in Manhattan touched down at approximately 10:30 PM on June 11, 2008. Thirty-one homes and several businesses were destroyed by the EF4 tornado. Additionally, Kansas State University's campus incurred about $20 million in damage – a number of university buildings sustained significant damage and the Wind Erosion Laboratory's garage was destroyed by the tornado's winds.[13] No one was killed.[14]

Previously, the most destructive tornado to hit Manhattan was on June 8, 1966. The 1966 tornado caused $5 million in damage and injured at least 65 people in Manhattan.[15][16]

Flooding

Manhattan was built on a floodplain at the junction of the Kansas and Big Blue rivers, and it has faced recurring problems with flooding during times of heavy precipitation. The largest floods in the town's history were the 1903 and 1908 floods, the Great Flood of 1951 and the Great Flood of 1993.[17][18]

Politics

Manhattan and "K-Hill" in 2005

Local

Manhattan is governed under a council-manager system, with a City Commission consisting of five members. Elections are nonpartisan and are held every other year, in odd-numbered years. Three City Commission positions are chosen in each election. The two highest vote recipients receive four-year terms, while the third highest vote recipient receives a two-year term. The highest vote winner in a general election is established to serve as Mayor on the third year of a four-year term. The Mayor presides over Commission meetings, but has the same voting rights as other Commissioners and no veto power.

As of 2010, Bob Strawn serves as the city's mayor, while Bruce Snead, Jim Sherow, Loren Pepperd and Jayme Morris-Hardeman make up the rest of the City Commission. The next election will be held April 7, 2011, for the seats held by Strawn, Snead, and Morris-Hardeman.[19] In the 2007 election, Jim Sherow won his seat in a coin toss with Jayme Morris-Hardeman due to a tie. In the 2009 election, Jayme Morris-Hardeman beat incumbent Tom Phillips by 22 provisional votes.

State

Manhattan is located inside a number of State district boundaries. Most of Manhattan falls within two districts for the Kansas House of Representatives. Currently, both representatives are registered Democrats and have served multiple terms in the House. Rep. Tom Hawk serves in District 67, which includes portions of south, west, and northern Riley County. Rep. Sydney Carlin is the current representative of District 66, which includes most of downtown Manhattan, and the northeastern portions of the city. Small portions of Manhattan extend into other districts to the south and north.

Manhattan is included in the Kansas Senate District 22, and the state senator is Republican Roger Reitz. District 22 also includes nearby Junction City and rural Riley and Geary counties.

Federal

Manhattan is located in Kansas's 2nd congressional district, which is represented by Republican Lynn Jenkins. For federal elections, precise breakdowns are unavailable for only Manhattan, but a majority of voters in Riley County have never supported a Democratic candidate for President. Republicans have carried Riley County every presidential election, except for 1912, when a majority of the county's voters supported the Progressive candidate Theodore Roosevelt.[20]

Demographics

Historical populations
Census Pop. %±
1870 1,173
—
1880 2,105 79.5%
1890 3,004 42.7%
1900 3,438 14.4%
1910 5,722 66.4%
1920 7,989 39.6%
1930 10,136 26.9%
1940 11,659 15.0%
1950 19,056 63.4%
1960 22,993 20.7%
1970 27,575 19.9%
1980 32,644 18.4%
1990 37,712 15.5%
2000 44,831 18.9%
Est. 2009 52,836 17.9%

As of the census[2] of 2000, there were 44,831 people, 16,949 households, and 8,254 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,983.9 people per square mile (1,152.4/km²). There were 17,690 housing units at an average density of 1,177.4/sq mi (454.7/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 87.28% White, 4.86% African American, 0.48% Native American, 3.93% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 1.30% from other races, and 2.07% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.49% of the population.

There were 16,949 households out of which 22.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.6% were married couples living together, 6.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 51.3% were non-families. 30.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.89.

In the city the population was spread out with 15.8% under the age of 18, 39.2% from 18 to 24, 24.0% from 25 to 44, 13.2% from 45 to 64, and 7.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 24 years. For every 100 females there were 106.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.4 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $30,463, and the median income for a family was $48,289. Males had a median income of $31,396 versus $24,611 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,566. About 8.7% of families and 24.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.1% of those under age 18 and 7.8% of those age 65 or over. However, traditional measures of income and poverty can be misleading when applied to cities with high student populations, such as Manhattan.

Sites of interest

Manhattan is the site of Kansas State University sporting events, Aggieville, performing arts, lecture series and the annual Country Stampede Music Festival – the largest music festival in Kansas.

The Marianna Kistler Beach Museum of Art[2] and the Kansas State University Gardens are located on the campus of Kansas State University. Next to campus is Aggieville, a shopping and retail center with enough bars to satisfy the college crowd. Aggieville is also home to the longest continuously-operating Pizza Hut restaurant in the world.

Manhattan's Sunset Zoo is accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA). Colbert Hills Golf Course, which is annually ranked by Golf Digest among the best in the state, is home to the Earl Woods National Youth Golf Academy and a host site for the First Tee program. Manhattan is also the birthplace of Damon Runyon, the "Inventor of Broadway," and his Manhattan house is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

The buildings which house The Flint Hills Job Corps Training Center west of the city were once used as a nursing home and orphanage operated by the Fraternal Order of Odd Fellows.

The first capitol of the Kansas Territory is preserved nearby, on Fort Riley grounds. The Fort Riley military base covers 100,656 acres between Manhattan and Junction City, KS. Since 2006 it has, once again, become home to the Big Red One, the 1st Infantry Division of the United States.

Economy

The proposed NBAF location near the KSU Biosecurity Research Institute (BRI)

Manhattan's economy is heavily based on governmentally-funded entities. Kansas State University is the largest employer in town, and its 23,000 students support the retail and entertainment venues in the city.[21] The second-largest employer in Manhattan is the city school district.[21] Additionally, nearby Fort Riley also brings in lots of retail business, although the majority of soldiers live either on post or in closer Junction City or Ogden.

Other large employers in Manhattan include the Mercy Regional Health Center and Farm Bureau.[21] Manhattan also supports a small industrial base. Manufacturing and commercial businesses include: GTM Sportswear[22], Alorica[23], Florence Manufacturing[24], ICE Corporation[25], Manko Windows[26], The McCall Pattern Company and Farrar Corporation.[27] Some, like GTM and Farrar[28] have had success in the city – as college towns are known to outlive and sustain economic recessions better than most towns due to their economic base.

In 2009, the United States Department of Homeland Security announced that it would locate the National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility (NBAF) in Manhattan, with construction scheduled to begin in 2010. The NBAF is scheduled to open in 2014, and will be a federal lab to research biological threats involving human, zoonotic (i.e., transmitted from animals to humans) and foreign animal diseases. It is expected to employ between 250–350 people, including researchers, technical support and operations specialists.[29]

Education

The northern KSU campus in fall

Kansas State University is the largest employer and educator in the city of Manhattan with 23,520 students[30]. KSU is home to Wildcat sports, as well as a host to nationally recognized academics. Kansas State University has ranked first nationally among state universities in its total of Rhodes, Marshall, Truman, Goldwater, and Udall scholars since 1986[31]. Manhattanites are said to "Bleed purple" due to their pride in Kansas State athletics.

Manhattan is also home to Manhattan Christian College, Manhattan Area Technical College, the American Institute of Baking and The Flint Hills Job Corps Training Center, and the Kansas Building Science Institute.

Manhattan has one public high school with two campuses (Manhattan High School), two junior high schools (Susan B. Anthony and Dwight D. Eisenhower), and eight elementary schools (Amanda Arnold, Frank V. Bergman, Bluemont, Lee, Marlatt, Northview, Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson). The city also has two private school systems: Flint Hills Christian School and the Manhattan Catholic Schools. Manhattan Catholic Schools contains two buildings, the grade school building (K-5)and the Luckey Jr. High building (6-8), formerly called the Luckey high building dedicated to Monsignor Luckey. The school's mascot is "Luckey the Cardinal".

Culture

Aggieville

Culture in the city of Manhattan is largely defined by Kansas State University students. The city is normally full of activity while school is in session. Due to the city's vitality, the city was rated by CNN Money as one of the top ten places to retire young[6]. There are a number of cultural hot spots around the city that make it as vibrant as it is.

There are also a number of events and conventions held every year, such as Juneteenth Celebration, the Country Stampede Music Festival and the Great Manhattan Mystery Conclave.

Transportation

Manhattan is served by numerous transportation methods.

Airports

Manhattan Regional Airport is located 4 kilometres (2 mi) west of Manhattan on K-18. The airport is served by American Eagle, which offers three flights daily to Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport and one daily flight to Chicago's O'Hare International Airport starting in November. The nearest major commercial airports are in Kansas City (MCI) and Wichita, Kansas (ICT).

Rail

The Union Pacific Railroad maintains a single-track mainline through the town, with an estimated 16 daily trains, most hauling coal for eastern power plants from the Rocky Mountains. Domestic passenger rail service to and from the city has been discontinued with the Amtrak takeover of passenger rail in 1971.

Mass transit

Manhattan is served by Riley County's subsidized paratransit service, ATA Bus. ATA Bus recently started its first, set-route bus route in Manhattan connecting an apartment complex and an office campus, and is currently working with the city to develop a feasible mass transit system. ATA uses four small buses and a number of minivans in its fleet[32]. Five twenty passenger transit busses have been purchased for fixed-route service and the agency is awaiting operational funding from Kansas State University and the City, and plans to start service before 2011. Inter-city bus service was previously provided by Greyhound Lines.

Highways

Manhattan is served by several highways:

Media

Print

Radio

The following radio stations are licensed to Manhattan:

AM

Frequency Callsign[34] Format[35] Notes
1350 KMAN News/Talk

FM

Frequency Callsign[36] Format[35] Notes
88.9 KGLV Contemporary Christian
90.7 K214CZ Christian Translator of WPCS, Pensacola, Florida
91.9 KSDB-FM Adult Album Alternative K-State college radio
98.3 K252EV Variety NPR; Translator of KANV, Olsburg[37]
99.5 K258BT Variety NPR; Translator of KANV, Olsburg[38]
101.5 KMKF AOR
104.7 KXBZ Country
105.5 KRMI-LP
106.1 K291BA Christian Translator of KCCV, Olathe

Television

The following television stations are licensed to Manhattan:

Digital Channel Analog Channel Callsign[39] Network Notes
21 KKSU-LP Ind K-State television
31 K31BW TBN
32 K32HB GCN
35 K38GZ
36 K36IO-D GCN
40 K40IJ-D GCN Broadcasts from Wamego
52 K52HZ

Notable residents

See also List of Kansas State University people
See also Johnny Kaw, fictional Kansas settler

Twin or partner cities

Manhattan in popular culture

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "2007 Census Estimate". http://www.census.gov/popest/cities/SUB-EST2007-4.html. Retrieved 2008-08-08. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31. 
  3. ↑ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. http://geonames.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31. 
  4. ↑ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. http://www.naco.org/Template.cfm?Section=Find_a_County&Template=/cffiles/counties/usamap.cfm. Retrieved 2008-01-31. 
  5. ↑ "Update of Statistical Area Definitions and Guidance on Their Uses (OMB Bulletin 09-01)" (CSV). Office of Management and Budget, Executive Office of the President. 2008-11-20. http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/bulletins/fy2009/09-01.pdf. Retrieved 2008-12-17. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Best Places to Retire Young". http://money.cnn.com/galleries/2007/moneymag/0703/gallery.bp_retireyoung_new.moneymag/9.html. Retrieved 2007-10-02. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Parrish, Donald (2004). This Land is Our Land: The Public Domain in the Vicinity of Riley County and Manhattan, Kansas. Riley County Historical Society. ISBN 0-9677686-2-4. OCLC 54769277. 
  8. ↑ Streeter, Floyd Benjamin (1975). The Kaw: The Heart of a Nation. New York: Arno Press. ISBN 9780405068898. OCLC 2180188. http://books.google.com/?id=MZEJR647HyIC. 
  9. ↑ GEARY COUNTY LEGENDS – jcks.com – Retrieved March 9, 2009
  10. ↑ "US Gazetteer files: 2000 and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2005-05-03. http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html. Retrieved 2008-01-31. 
  11. ↑ Merriam, Daniel F. (April 1956). "History of earthquakes in Kansas". Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 46 (2): 87–96. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Metz, Christine (May 2, 2008). "Earthquakes in Kansas a real threat". Lawrence Journal-World. http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2008/may/02/shaking_kansas/. Retrieved February 11, 2010. 
  13. ↑ Wichita Eagle-Beacon Tornadoes rip Manhattan, KSU damage more than $20 million
  14. ↑ Hanna, John (2008-06-13). "Kansas residents assess damage after deadly twisters". Associated Press. http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5gvHC7Zr5kiY-lOpqndPZvOVefx8QD919534O2. Retrieved 2008-06-13. 
  15. ↑ "City Officials set Damage at $5 Million". Topeka Capital-Journal. 1966-06-10. http://www.cjonline.com/indepth/66tornado/stories/com_damageestimate.shtml. Retrieved 2008-08-13. 
  16. ↑ NOAA's National Weather Service. "The Topeka Tornado – June 8, 1966". http://www.crh.noaa.gov/top/events/66tornado.php. Retrieved 2008-08-13 
  17. ↑ U.S. Geological Survey. "The 1903 and 1993 Floods in Kansas". http://ks.water.usgs.gov/pubs/fact-sheets/fs.019-03.pdf. Retrieved 2008-12-06 
  18. ↑ Davis, Kenneth (1953). River on the Rampage. Doubleday. 
  19. ↑ City of Manhattan, Purpose, Structure, and Election of the City Commission [1], accessed 2009-04-02
  20. ↑ http://geoelections.free.fr/USA/elec_comtes/1912.htm
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 "General Statistical Information Concerning the City of Manhattan, Kansas" (pdf). http://www.ci.manhattan.ks.us/DocumentView.asp?DID=3597. Retrieved 2009-04-08. 
  22. ↑ NationJob GTM Sportswear Retrieved on 2009-04-02
  23. ↑ City of Manhattan Corporate Technology Park Retrieved on 2009-04-02
  24. ↑ Auth-Florence Auth-Florence brings 250 job plant to Manhattan Retrieved on 2009-04-02
  25. ↑ ICE Corporation ICE Retrieved on 2009-04-02
  26. ↑ "About", Manko Windows, Retrieved on 2009-04-09
  27. ↑ Farrar USA Farrar Retrieved on 2009-04-02
  28. ↑ Farrar Corporation ...Future plans for the site include the construction of a foundry and heat treating facilities within the next 10 years Retrieved on 2009-04-02
  29. ↑ "Facility Research & Staffing for the NBAF" (English). U.S. Department of Homeland Security. http://www.dhs.gov/xres/labs/gc_1181073261627.shtm. Retrieved 2000-04-08. 
  30. ↑ "K-State media guide – Enrollment numbers 1990–current" (English). http://www.k-state.edu/media/mediaguide/enrollment.html. Retrieved 2009-03-30. 
  31. ↑ "Achivements" Kansas State University, Retrieved on 2009-04-20
  32. ↑ "ATA Bus" Riley County, Kansas, Retrieved on 2009-04-08
  33. ↑ "About this Newspaper: The Manhattan mercury". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85031900/. Retrieved 2009-09-20. 
  34. ↑ "AMQ AM Radio Database Query". Federal Communications Commission. http://www.fcc.gov/mb/audio/amq.html. Retrieved 2009-09-20. 
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 "Station Information Profile". Arbitron. http://www.arbitron.com/radio_stations/station_information.htm. Retrieved 2009-09-20. 
  36. ↑ "FMQ FM Radio Database Query". Federal Communications Commission. http://www.fcc.gov/mb/audio/fmq.html. Retrieved 2009-09-20. 
  37. ↑ "K252EV-FM 98.3 MHz". Radio-Locator. Theodric Technologies LLC. http://www.radio-locator.com/cgi-bin/finder?sr=Y&s=C&call=K252EV&x=0&y=0. Retrieved 2009-09-20. 
  38. ↑ "K258BT-FM 99.5 MHz". Radio-Locator. Theodric Technologies LLC. http://www.radio-locator.com/cgi-bin/info?call=K258BT&service=FX. Retrieved 2009-09-20. 
  39. ↑ "TVQ TV Database Query". Federal Communications Commission. http://www.fcc.gov/fcc-bin/audio/tvq.html. Retrieved 2009-09-20. 
  40. ↑ "Bill Murray Coming to Manhattan (Kansas)". http://barfblog.foodsafety.ksu.edu/2008/01/articles/wacky-and-strange-but-true/bill-murray-coming-to-manhattan-kansas/. Retrieved 2008-10-21. 
  41. ↑ "Mellie Keenan Esperson bio on Handbook of Texas Online". http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/EE/fes25.html#. Retrieved 2009-10-24. 
  42. ↑ "Tara Wray on IMDb". http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1837758/. Retrieved 2010-01-26. 
  43. ↑ "Country Music Hall of Fame site". http://www.countrymusichalloffame.com/site/news_detail.aspx?cid=1493. Retrieved 2007-01-22. 
  44. ↑ "The Elvira Show on tv.com". http://www.tv.com/the-elvira-show/show/6439/summary.html. Retrieved 2007-01-22. 
  45. ↑ Jon Stewart. (January 2006). The Daily Show: The Manhattan Project. Comedy Central. 
  46. ↑ "IMDb "Friday Night Lights" filming locations". http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0390022/locations. Retrieved 2007-01-22. 
  47. ↑ The Trailer
  48. ↑ "English Paper on the Strong Bad Emails". http://www.homestarrunner.com/sbemail64.html. Retrieved 2007-09-18. 
  49. ↑ ""Manhattan, Kansas" on IMDb". http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0449067/. Retrieved 2010-01-26. 

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County seat: Westmoreland
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